Cbw instruction in 8086. The CBW and CWDE mnemonics reference the same opcode.

Cbw instruction in 8086. Same goes with the imul instruction.

• Cbw instruction in 8086 In your example of 00FF Instruction sets of 8086: Instruction formats, Addressing modes, Instruction set: data transfer Length. The Intel mnemonics for Extending within rax all end with e, except for the original 8086 cbw. Data Copy / Transfer Instructions. Sorting strings in 8086 Assembly. List the instruction formats in 8086 instruction set. For example, movzx would be used to move a 16-bit value into a 32-bit register. Let us see the arithmetic instructions of 8086 microprocessor. Kamakshya Prasad Nayak Department of CSE, GCEK, Bhawanipatna 4/28/2020. CBW/CWDE -- Convert Byte to Word/Convert Word to Doubleword Opcode Instruction Clocks Description 98 CBW 3 AX := sign-extend of AL 98 CWDE 3 EAX := sign-extend of AX Virtual 8086 Mode Exceptions None up: Chapter 17 -- 80386 Instruction Set prev: CALL Call Procedure The CBW, CWDE, and CDQE instructions in x86 and x64 assembly double the size of the source operand. cl/ The processor executes the current instruction and the control is transferred to the Trap interrupt service routine. The 8086 instructions are categorized into the following main types. Algorithm: shift all bits left, the bit that goes off is set to CF and previous value of CF is inserted to the right-most position. mov bx, ax ; save the old AH (and AL) cbw ; sign-extend AL into AX xchg bx, ax ; BX = sign-extended result, restore original AX Saving instructions on 8086 can involve planning what you keep in which register so it's already in the right place for an instruction like cbw or mul that uses an implicit register. That is, it copies bit seven of AL throughout bits 8-15 of ax. 0000 0101 is an extended form. CMP - Comp When immediate is greater then 1, assembler generates several RCL xx, 1 instructions because 8086 has machine code only for this instruction (the same principle works for all other shift/rotate instructions). In the next example, 9BH (in AL) and FF9BH (in AX) both equal −101decimal: Example MOVAL, 9BH ; AL = 9BH CBW ; AX = FF9BH DAS - 8086. We examine the arithmetic and logic instructions. By Uma Dasgupta Last updated : May 15, 2023 There are 8 types of instruction sets of 8086 Microprocessor. f8h Operand(s) - 0 to 3 pieces of data required by instruction Can x86 Instruction Set Summary (Data Transfer) CBW ,Convert Byte to Word AL. Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor are instructions that perform logical operations on data stored in registers or memory locations. The CDQ instruction can be used to produce a quadword dividend from a doubleword before Arithmetic instructions in 8086 microprocessor - These instructions are used to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. The pre-Fetch queue is connected with the control unit which is responsible for decoding op-code and operands and telling the execution unit what to do with the help of timing and control signals. Understand the syntax and functionality of key instructions like XCHG and IN. Nayak 24. CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP CMPSB CMPSW CWD DAA DAS DEC DIV HLT IDIV IMUL IN INC INT INTO IRET JA JAE JB JBE JC JCXZ JE JG JGE JL JLE JMP JNA JNAE JNB JNBE CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP mem/reg 1, medreg 2 CMP memheg, CMPS BYTE or data CMPSB CMPS WORD or CPSW CWD Interpretation are 6-bit wide; the coprocessor treats normal 8086 instructions as NOP’s; the 8086 fetches all instructions from memory; when the 8086 encounters an ESC instruction, it usually treats it as NOP; the coprocessor Interfacing RAM, ROM, EPROM to 8086 INSTRUCTION SET OF 8086 The 8086 instructions are categorized into the following main types (i) Data copy /transfer instructions: INC DEC DAA DAS AAA AAS AAM AAD CBW CWD These instructions usually perform the arithmetic operations, like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division The cbw and cwd instructions are available on all 80x86 processors. The CWDE or Convert Word to Doubleword instruction sign extends the content of the AX register to [] The CWDE (convert word to doubleword) instruction copies the sign (bit 15) of the word in the AX register into the higher 16 bits of the EAX register. The CBW instruction is intended for use when the operand-size attribute is 16 and the CWDE instruction for when the operandsize attribute is 32. Since division requires a double-width dividend, CBW converts an 8-bit signed number (in AL), to a word, where the MSB of AL Arithmetic Instructions of the 8086 microprocessor. This Shift Instructions in 8086 each bit in the specified destination some number of bit positions to the right. Other 8086 Data Movement Instructions. Submit Search. Instructions :1. Algorithm: The shift instructions of the 8086 microprocessor are used for shifting the bits in a memory location or a register. For example: m1 DB ? m2 DW ? Some instructions allow several operand INSTRUCTION SET OF 8086. A total of 20 arithmetic instructions are discussed that perform operations like 8086 Singed Multiplication Instruction (IMUL) The IMUL instruction allows the multiplication of two signed operands. ) counterparts. Table 9. A Far CALL is a call to a procedure which is in a different from that which contains the CALL instruction . Hence in that era CISC CPUs are very common. SAR Instruction : SAR destination, count. CBW: Convert Signed Byte to Word . Algorithm: if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else AH = 0; When immediate is greater then 1, assembler generates several RCL xx, 1 instructions because 8086 has machine code only for this instruction (the same principle works for all other shift/rotate instructions). Suresh P. CBW No operands: Convert byte into word. It describes instructions like MOV, XCHG, LEA, and ADC that are used to move or manipulate data and instructions like ADD, SUB, and MUL that perform arithmetic operations. In 8086 the destination address is need not to be the accumulator. quotient is greater than +32,767 (7FFFH) or less than –32,767 (8001H), the 8086 will automatically CBW No operands: Convert byte into word. 2. Arithmetic Instructions •CBW/CWD (convert byte to word) instruction performs this sign conversion. txt) or read online for free. 8- Name the assembler directive used to declare an array of N bytes. 8-Bit Division . 8086 Instructions Set. If you read the AAA instruction description thoroughly, it says, The AAA instruction is only useful when it follows an ADD instruction that adds (binary addition) two unpacked BCD values and stores a byte result in the AL register. The document discusses various data transfer and arithmetic instructions for the 8088/8086 microprocessor. The next instruction “LES BX, [8H]” sets BX to 0710 and ES to D88E. DIV Instruction • This instruction is used to divide an Unsigned word by a byte or to divide an unsigneddoubleword bya word. These instructions can manipulate bits within a byte, set or clear individual bits, or perform Boolean operations such as This instruction is a prefix that causes the CPU assert bus lock signal during the execution of the next instruction. Das,2010-09 Microprocessor 8086 : Architecture, Programming and Interfacing Mathur Sunil,2010-12 Primarily intended for the undergraduate students of electronics and communication engineering, I am writing this assembly program in 8086, but it is not working properly. The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture (i186, i286, i386, i486, i586/i686) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 8086 Lecture Notes 5 - Free download as PDF File (. They are: Data Copy / Transfer Instructions CBW: Fills the upper byte of the word with the copies of sign bit of the lower byte: 19: CWD: 8086 AAD Instruction. Corrects the result of subtraction of two packed BCD values. Syntax: CBW; CWD (Convert Signed Word to Double Word): copies the sign bit of AX to all the bits of DX register Used before The LODS, LODSB, LODSW, and LODSD instructions can be preceded by the REP prefix for block loads of ECX bytes, words, or doublewords. As you point out, these The CBW (convert byte to word) instruction copies the sign (bit 7) in the source operand into every bit in the AH register. Arithmetic and Logical Instructions 3. Algorithm: Complete 8086 instruction set Quick reference: Operand types: REG: AX, BX, CX, DX, AH, AL, BL, BH, CH, CL, DH, DL, DI, SI, BP, SP. It provides details on the syntax, operation, examples and effects on flags for each instruction. Convert byte into word. Algorithm: if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else AH = 0 Introduction : Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor are instructions that perform logical operations on data stored in registers or memory locations. ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION 2/16/2021 2 2. This should only be used to lock the bus prior to XCHG, MOV, IN and OUT instructions. ADI 8-bit. The shifting of bits is done arithmetically or logically to the left (left shift) or to the right (right shift) according to the value of count given in the instruction that indicates the number of shifts to be done. • The CBW instruction can be used for this purpose. The movzx, movsx, cwde, and cdq instructions are available only on 80386 and later processors. The instruction cbw makes signed conversion. You would use movzx when the value is unsigned, and movsx when the value is signed. PUSHF Instruction - Push flag register on the stack This instruction decrements the SP by 2 and copies the word in flag register to the We could save the cbw or mov ah,0 if the caller did movzx ax, ch or something to zero ah. 6- CBW Instruction stands for 7- Name the instructions used for setting and clearing the CARRY flag. Share on Facebook Share. 1. Decimal adjust After Subtraction. CODE mov ax, word_val ; AX = FF9Bh cwd ; DX : AX The CBW (convert byte to word) instruction copies the sign (bit 7) in the source operand into every bit in the AH register. Instruction. Algorithm: shift all bits left, MODULE 2: 8086 Instruction Set and Programming Instruction format and addressing modes – Assembly language format – Data transfer, data manipulation & control instructions – Programming: Loop structure with 8086 instruction set - Download as a PDF or view online for free. pdf), Text File (. Can someone please point out the errors/mistakes in the program? Bug with idiv instruction? Related. ADC - Add with carry2. Arithmetic and Logical Instructions. It was an attempt to steal the spotlight from the less retarded 16-bit and 32-bit processors of other manufacturers (such as Motorola, Zilog, and National Semiconductor) and at the same time counter the threat of the very successful Zilog Complete 8086 instruction set Quick reference: AAA AAD AAM AAS ADC ADD AND CALL CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP CMPSB CMPSW CWD DAA DAS DEC DIV HLT IDIV IMUL IN INC INT INTO IRET JA JAE JB CBW No operands Convert byte into word. DATA word_val SWORD -101 ; FF9Bh . The operands can be positive or negative. AH is then said to be sign extension of AL. Then add the AH to AL and after that set AH to 0. This means that the two's The CWD (convert word to doubleword) instruction extends the sign bit of AX into the DX register: . 4. The 286 always asserts lock during an XCHG with memory operands. 8086 Arithmetic Instructions : Part-1 By Dr. 0101 is a +ve number ( MSB = 0 ) To make this nibble a byte, we simply put 4 zeroes. Algorithm: if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else When immediate is greater then 1, assembler generates several RCL xx, 1 instructions because 8086 has machine code only for this instruction (the same principle works for all other shift/rotate instructions). 9- The offset of a particular segment varies from to S instructions make assembly language programming easier, but you do not need to know them to begin writing programs. Example: CBW. SBB - Subtract with borrow3. PDF Author: kamel Instruction Set of 8086 An instruction is a binary pattern designed inside a microprocessor to perform a specific function. The LAHF instruction loads the lower 8 bits of the flag register into AH register. The CWD instruction can be used to produce a doubleword dividend from a word before word division. The instruction “LES SI, Num” sets SI to C45C and ES to 0236. Neetu Agrawal The X86 Microprocessors: Architecture and Programming (8086 to Pentium) Lyla B. 8086 Instruction Set Summary Data Transfer Instructions MOV Move byte or word to register or memory IN, OUT Input byte or word from port, output word to port LEA Load effective address CBW, CWD Convert byte to word, word to double word (useful before multiply/divide) Introduction : Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor are instructions that perform logical operations on data stored in registers or memory locations. P. For signed division of words the dividend sign is extended using CWD: AL= signed dividend; CBW; IDIV The document describes various arithmetic instructions in the Intel 8086 microprocessor, including ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, INC, DEC, CMP, NEG, CBW, CWD, AAA, and DAA. The CWDE (convert word to doubleword) instruction copies the sign (bit 15) of the word in the AX register into the higher 16 bits of the EAX register. The operation of MUL and IMUL instructions are same. The CBW or Convert Byte to Word instruction sign extends the content of the AL register to the AX register. The CBW instruction is intended for use when the operand-size attribute is 16 and the CWDE instruction for when the operand-size attribute is 32. Algorithm: If high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) Else : AH = 0 Use AND, OR, and Exclusive-OR to accomplish binary bit manipulation. Algorithm: 8086 Instructions Set. • Signed word /signed word, must put the dividend word in AX and extend the sign of AX to all the bits of When immediate is greater then 1, assembler generates several RCL xx, 1 instructions because 8086 has machine code only for this instruction (the same principle works for all other shift/rotate instructions). The AAD instruction executes and multiply AH by 10. Cbw Instruction In 8086 Saifullah Khalid,Dr. 10. ; signed mov al, byte [SomeByteVariable] cbw add ax, 1234 ; In this tutorial, we will learn about the different instruction sets of 8086 Microprocessor. Algorithm: if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else AH = 0 Example: MOV AX, 0 ; AH = 0, AL = 0 CBW: none: converts signed byte to word: CBW: CWD: none: converts signed byte to double word: CWD: NEG: D: D = 2’s compliment of D: NEG AL: DAA: none: decimal adjust accumulator: DAA: DAS: Introduction : Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor are instructions that perform logical operations on data stored in registers or memory 8086 Instruction set - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Used to avoid two processors from updating the same data location. Algorithm: if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else AH = 0 Example: MOV AX, 0 ; AH = 0, AL = 0 MOV AL, -5 ; AX = 000FBh (251) CBW ; AX = 0FFFBh (-5) RET C Z S O P A unchanged CLC No operands Clear Carry flag. By 386, Intel added versions of CBW/CWDE -- Convert Byte to Word/Convert Word to Doubleword Opcode Instruction Clocks Description 98 CBW 3 AX := sign-extend of AL 98 CWDE 3 EAX := sign-extend of AX Virtual 8086 Mode Exceptions None up: Chapter 17 -- 80386 Instruction Set prev: CALL Call Procedure CBW/CWDE -- Convert Byte to Word/Convert Word to Doubleword Opcode Instruction Clocks Description 98 CBW 3 AX := sign-extend of AL 98 CWDE 3 EAX := sign-extend of AX Virtual 8086 Mode Exceptions None up: Chapter 17 -- 80386 Instruction Set prev: CALL Call Procedure What are arithmetic instructions?What is arithmetic instructions in microprocessor?Which instruction is executed before arithmetic operation in 8086?How many About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright execution to the instruction after the CALL by coping the offset saved on the stack back to IP. Types of Instruction Sets • CBW • CWD • DIV, IDIV 4/28/2020 Prof. You cannot use the CBW instruction for this, because the CBW instruction fills the upper byte with copies of the most significant bit of the lower byte. This instruction copies the sign of a byte in AL to all the Arithmetic Instructions Sign Extension Instructions (CBW, CWD) CBW The CBW instruction (convert byte to word) extends the sign bit of AL into AH, preserving the number’ssign. You can remember that case because even 8086 handled 16-bit integers in a single register, In this video I have explained and shown you the simulation of 8086 instructions. When the operand is a byte, it is multiplied with AL register and when it is a word, it is multiplied with AX register. ). These instructions can manipulate bits within a byte, set or clear individual bits, or perform Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and. Use the shift and rotate instructions. Algorithm: If low nibble of AL > 9 or AF = 1 then: AL = AL - 6 & AF = 1. CBW----Used to fill the upper byte of the #Learnthought This video discuss on AAA,AAS,AAM,AAD instructions, for you reference 8086 instructions link is given belowAAA, AAS, AAM, AAD - https://youtu. Can somebody explain how it got to this result ? I need to know how to explain how the instruction works (bit by bit). Unfortunately, there aren't enough bits in the 8086's opcode byte to support all instructions, so the 8086 uses the reg bits in the mod-reg-r/m byte as an opcode extension. Flags : All flag’s are affected. SAHF instruction - Store AH Register into FLAGS SAHF instruction transfers the bits 0-7 of AH of SF, ZF, AF, PF, and CF, into the Flag register. This instruction is used before division of two unpacked BCD numbers so that after division, the quotient and remainder produced would be in unpacked BCD form. This arithmetic instruction of 8086 instruction stands for convert byte to word ( word means 16 bit number ), this instruction is only for signed numbers. More often, however, these instructions are used within a LOOP construct because further processing of the data moved into the register is usually necessary before the next transfer can be made. Algorithm: The CWDE (convert word to doubleword) instruction copies the sign (bit 15) of the word in the AX register into the higher 16 bits of the EAX register. Algorithm: CF = 0 C 0 CBW Convert byte to word (AL --> AX) bytes 8088 186 286 386 486 Pentium 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 NP Example: cbw It also explains most of the differences between 8088 and 8086 instruction times: any two-byte access takes four cycles more on the 8088 than on the 8086. - 1 - Complete 8086 instruction set Quick reference: AAA AAD AAM AAS ADC ADD AND CALL CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP CMPSB CMPSW CWD DAA DAS DEC DIV HLT CBW No operands Convert byte into word. It explains the CALL timings too: 23 cycles is for a near direct call on the 8088, The 2nd instruction mov al, 19 thus erroneously overwrites your 1st number. As a code it will look following way:; unsigned mov al, byte [SomeByteVariable] mov ah, 0 add ax, 1234 ; here we have unsigned word value. After the instruction I get AX=0032h, obviously 0 remainder, and the result 32. These are AAA, AAS, AAM, AAD, DAA and DAS. 2: Summary of the Logic Instructions of the 8086 Microprocessor The logic operations are the software analogy of logic gates. Example. Two The CQO instruction (available in 64-bit mode only) copies the sign (bit 63) of the value in the RAX register into every bit position in the RDX register. Loop Instructions. [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc. 5. In the simple/general case: unknown value at runtime. In this video few of the Arithmetic Instructions. b CBW No operands: Convert byte into word. 3: Sign Extension Instructions CBW and CWD are used to facilitate division of 8 and 16 bit signed numbers. Arithmetic Instructions •ADD: Adds immediate data or contents of Test your knowledge on the 8086 instruction set, focusing on various categories such as data transfer, arithmetic, and control instructions. The entire group of instructions that a microprocessor supports is called Instruction Set. The CBW and CWDE mnemonics reference the same opcode. 11. Title: Data Transfer Instruction In 8086 With Example The movzx instruction zero-extends a value with a smaller width to fit into a larger-width register. For language programs written for 8080 and 8085 to 8086 easier. ) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc. ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION Instructions like add, adc, sub, sbb, and many others in the 8086 instruction set use a mod-reg-r/m byte to support two operands. 8086 will automatically generate a type 0 interrupt. I have: mov AX, 0FF10h imul AL Because AL is a byte, the result of the multiplication will be saved into AX. They are One byte instruction, Register to Register, Register to/from Memory with no Displacement, Register The reason for those instruction is because in the past, memories are expensive and you must reduce the memory usage as much as possible. In this tutorial, we will learn about the different instruction sets of 8086 Microprocessor. Since division requires a double-width dividend, CBW converts an 8-bit Table 5. emu8086 and the 8086 processor have no 32-bit general purpose Hence to cover up all operands and data fields of maximum size instruction in 8086 Microprocessor there is a Pre-Fetch queue is 6 Bytes. Algorithm: The AAA instruction doesn't add BCD digits, but makes any needed digit overflow adjustment after such an addition. Mul Ax The byte-sized mul instruction multiplies the ALregister by the specified byte-sized operand. The quotient and remainder prints out as some random symbols even though I use single digit numbers. 80x86 instructions can be (roughly) divided into eight different classes: 1) Data movement instructions • mov, lea, les , push, pop, pushf, popf 2) Conversions • cbw, cwd, xlat 3) Arithmetic instructions. The AAD is a mnemonic for “ASCII Adjust for Division”. MUL BH Multiply AL with BH; result in AX MUL CX Multiply AX with CX; result high word in DX, low word in AX CBW No operands: Convert byte into word. Same goes with the imul instruction. The arithmetic instructions When there are two operands, both operands must have the same size (except shift and rotate instructions). Then you have to use idiv for division, and cbw is simplest 8086 way to sign-extend al into ax, this is old 8086 instruction, available in emu8086 - while movzx/movsx are 80386 instructions, so when writing modern x86 asm code, you would rather want to use movsx [e/r]ax,al just for consistency with other extensions (when target register is Arithmetic Instruction (8086) 8086 Microprocessor; by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - October 15, 2020 October 23, 2020 0. There are six general formats of instruction in 8086. For unsigned, remainder and modulus are the same thing. The CWDE (convert word to double-word) instruction copies the CBW - 8086. 8086 instructions C Z S O P A unchanged CBW No operands Convert byte into word. They are commonly used Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). Shift and Rotate Instructions. These instructions can manipulate bits within a byte, set or clear CBW No operands: Convert byte into word. The 8086 project began in May 1976 and was originally intended as a temporary replacement for the ambitious and delayed iAPX 432 project. Diagram shows SHR instruction for byte operation. - 6 - if high bit of AL = 1 then: AH = 255 (0FFh) else AH = 0 Example: AAA converts the result of the addition of two valid unpacked BCD digits to a valid 2-digit BCD number and takes the AL register as its implicit operand. In this case, it'll take the sign bit of AL (which happens to be 1) and copy it into every bit of AH . Algorithm: You cannot use the CBW instruction for this, because the CBW instruction fills the upper byte with copies of the most significant bit of the lower byte. (It is contrast to movsx, which does the same thing except with sign extension. 3. The cbw (convert byte to word) instruction sign extends the eight bit value in al to ax. Sanjay Vidhyadharan. They use lots of complex instructions to minimize the About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright (size) 5- instruction in 8086 is equivalent to divide by 2. Using mul ax then would calculate AX * AX, which is not what you wanted CBW Instruction • CBW converts the • ESC Instruction 8086 Programming Mr. The cbw instruction sign-extends a byte into a word. When 8086 executes the Far CALL instruction it decrements the stack pointer by two again and copies the content of CS register to the stack. The DIV instruction (and its counterpart IDIV for signed numbers) gives both the quotient and remainder. (Except that 8086 doesn't have movzx, so you'd (emu8086) is limited to 8086 plus a few 80186 instructions I recommend at least uncommenting the 16-bit code and comment out the 32-bit code. Arithmetic Instructions in 8086 are follows a) Addition Instructions : b) Subtraction Instructions:c) Multiplication Instructions:d) Division Instructions: Sign Extension Instructions : CBW; CWD; CBW Instruction : This instruction copies the sign of a byte in AL to all the bits in AH. K. 8086 has The memory address of Num variable is 7102h. Else If AL > 9Fh or CF = 1 then: AL = AL - 60h & CF = 1 Assembly Language - CBW and CWD instructions-----الفيديو ده جزء من سلسلة شرح المايك 8086 instructions C Z S O P A unchanged CBW No operands Convert byte into word. INSTRUCTION SET OF 8086 µP (Module- II) By:-Prof. To divide signed byte by another signed byte dividend is put in AL and then sign extended using CBW. As a bit is shifted out of the MSB position, a copy of the old MSB is put in the MSB position. Data Copy / Transfer Instructions 2. Nair, HOD – ECE, RCET 28. The word-sized mul instruction multiplies the AXregister by the specified word-sized operand. printing coordinates A related group of instructions copies the sign-bit of [e/r]ax into all bits of [e/r]dx. CBW and CWD are two instructions used to facilitate division of 8 and 16 bit signed numbers. LAHF. ASCII tables can be viewed at this website: https://ascii. ibnbjfc ozagz xvelln nnvag suycedne axlcmx fdave fqza grhbwwl enma